lɘ̄ɘ | exist (intrans.) |
ŋɑ́ | equal (trans.) |
ʔɛ̰ɛ | give, dative, benefactive, genitive (trans.) |
sæ̤u | object of a transitive causative verb (trans.) |
mɑ̀ | instrumental, comitative (trans.) |
hō | comparative (i.e. "than") (trans.) |
lɛ̰ | conditional (trans.) |
ʔɔ̤m | reason (trans.) |
ɾɑ̤ | comparison (i.e. "like", "as") (trans.) |
go̰k | topic (i.e. "about") (trans.) |
sɔ́ɔ | go to somewhere (intrans.) |
kǽ | go from somewhere (intrans.) |
ŋō | go through somewhere (intrans.) |
ɓín | go up (intrans.) |
jɑ̰ɑ | go down (intrans.) |
wí | go forward (intrans.) |
tɜ̤ɜ | go back (intrans.) |
nɨ̰ | be in (trans.) |
ʔɑ́i | be outside (trans.) |
kʰo̤ | be here (intrans.) |
sɑ̰i | be there (intrans.) |
ni̤ | stay, remain (intrans.) |
tʰɑ̀ | stand, be at (trans.) |
kɑ́ɑ | sit, be on (while partially in contact) (trans.) |
pɔ̄ | lie on, be on (while fully in contact) (trans.) |
cʰɑ̰i | be at a time (trans.) |
ɲɔ̤ɔn | be during a time (trans.) |
ɟúk | be before a time, be in front of something (trans.) |
klɔ́ | be after a time, be behind something (trans.) |
cǽm | be over, above something (trans.) |
gì | be under, below something (trans.) |
nṵ | be between things (trans.) |
lōo | towards, in the direction of (trans.) |
tɑ̰i | away from (trans.) |
ʔōk | be a number of times (trans.) |
wìt | except for, aside from (trans.) |
gú | apart (recip.) |
lɑ́ɑ | do (trans.) |
mɔ̀ɔ | create (trans.) |
sæ̰ŋ | become (trans.) |
ɲḛem | happen (intrans.) |
sɨ̄ːk | need (trans.) |
ɟɜ́ | use (trans.) |
tʰṵu | join (trans.) |
lɨ̰ɨ | work (intrans.) |
ɟó | act, behave (intrans.) |
ŋék | fail (intrans.) |
kɘ̤ | want (trans.) |
ɟǣ | see, look (trans.) |
cʰɑ̄k | watch (trans.) |
kín | eat (trans.) |
gɾè | drink (trans.) |
mīn | say (trans.) |
ɲɘ̰ | speak (intrans.) |
jú | name (trans.) |
ɟḛe | take (trans.) |
ʔɐcʰɑ́u | count (trans.) |
sí | know (trans.) |
kɑ̤ | think (trans.) |
hæ̤ | believe (trans.) |
ʔɪkɑ̤ | understand (trans.) |
blɛ̰ | remember (trans.) |
ɾóo | forget (trans.) |
ɲɛ̀k | mean, intend (trans.) |
ŋìm | has meaning (trans.) |
ŋe̤k | wish (trans.) |
mɔ̰k | wonder (about, at) (trans.) |
tʰɛ̀ | hear (trans.) |
nén | feel (intrans.) |
lḛt | sense (trans.) |
wɑ̤ɑ | to be frustrated (intrans.) |
kʰlǽ | give birth (trans.) |
kɾɛ́ | seem, appear, look (intrans.) |
pɘ̤ɘ | walk (intrans.) |
tǣi | run (intrans.) |
mḭ | ride (trans.) |
klɑ́ | swim (trans.) |
ɓɑ̀ɨ | jump (intrans.) |
pʰùt | climb (trans.) |
ŋɑ̀m | open (intrans.) |
ʔʊpɾɜ̄ | close (intrans.) |
ɟǽk | turn (intrans.) |
ɗɑ̄ɨ | fall (intrans.) |
tʰɛ̰m | flow (intrans.) |
kʰúum | move (intrans.) |
ɲɛ̤ɛn | push (trans.) |
ɾǣiŋ | pull (trans.) |
ɲìit | carry (trans.) |
ŋṳt | hold (trans.) |
ʔɐkʰɔ́p | touch (trans.) |
nʊɓæ̀ | grip (trans.) |
plɑ̤k | feel an object (trans.) |
bɾùn | find (trans.) |
cɑ̰ɨ | show (trans.) |
li̤ŋ | hide (trans.) |
glɑ́ | like (trans.) |
ɟén | love (trans.) |
cʰḭk | own (trans.) |
mɛ̤ɛn | pay (trans.) |
mɑ̄ɑk | even, including (trans.) |
ʔɪkʰɔ̰m | explain (trans.) |
blɑ̰i | mix (trans.) |
ɗæ̀im | play (intrans.) |
ʔɨŋɔ̤t | nurture (trans.) |
tóon | scratch (trans.) |
ʔɪtóon | write (trans.) |
ʔɐkʰæ̀i | bother (trans.) |
ʔɪɗɑ̤ | stare (intrans.) |
kʰɐkʰǽŋ | startle (trans.) |
slǽ | choose (trans.) |
ɾɑ̤k | lead (trans.) |
ʔɐnīin | copy (trans.) |
glɑ̀i | differ (recip.) |
ɗʊcʰɑ̤u | merge (recip.) |
gɐhɑ̤i | contain (trans.) |
mēe | send (trans.) |
kɐse̤k | farm (trans.) |
sʊkɑ̰ | maul (trans.) |
ʔʊkʰɛ̀ɛ | post (trans.) |
nɨ̄ɨp | hurt (trans.) |
ɾɘ̀k | cross (trans.) |
ɾɔ́ɔt | change, modify (trans.) |
nɜ̰t | refer to (trans.) |
ɾúu | grow (intrans.) |
ɡɾɑ̀u | split, separate (trans.) |
ʔɐmæ̰u | court, date (trans.) |
sɪlæ̤ | marry (trans.) |
klɑ̄k | rule (trans.) |
ŋūn | alive |
kʰæ̰m | dead |
kʰɜ́ | large |
dɑ̀ | small |
ɓɑ̄u | great |
ʔǽu | strong |
ɓíin | weak |
ɗɔ̄t | good |
mæ̤ŋ | bad |
nɑ́k | poor, badly |
jɑ̤ɑk | correct, proper |
sæ̰ŋ | random, unpredictable |
ʔɘ̄n | anti- |
mɑ̤ɨ | well |
ɲɛ̄ | sick, ill |
ʔɐkɾì | long, tall |
cɔ̀ɔk | short |
ʔɐlɑ̄ | high |
kɾúu | low |
tɛ̰ɛ | new |
ʔɨkì | old |
mi̤ | early |
cɨsɛ̰ | late |
ɾɑ̄ɑ | right (e.g. correct, ordered, etc.) |
cʰɑ̀u | wrong |
kʰɑ̄i | different |
nɔ́p | active, enabled |
kæ̀t | inactive, disabled |
nɨ̄t | thick |
no̤n | thin |
bɨjɑ́ | wide |
næ̀m | narrow |
pɪkú | easy |
sūt | difficult |
jʊhɑ̄k | soft |
lɑ̰ɑ | hard |
ɾòok | smooth |
ʔɪkʰɑ̰ŋ | rough |
kɾīin | flat |
cʰɑ́it | squiggly |
nùun | pointed |
ɾɪtʰǽ | near |
gɔ̄ɔ | far |
ɓɛ̄ɛ | light |
kɪnǽi | heavy |
ʔɐɓɑ̤i | simple |
sɪkʰɔ́m | complex |
ɾɑ̄u | tight |
lém | loose |
lɜ̰ɜn | bright |
ɗɾèn | dark |
nɨ̄n | quiet |
ʔɨɓɑ̀n | loud |
bɨhɑ̀ɑ | slow |
ŋɑ́i | fast |
kɐɗín | happy |
ɲóo | sad |
pɑ̤ɑ | angry |
ɾɑ̰i | bored |
sùp | joyful |
tʰùu | scared |
lǣæ | empty |
pɔ́k | full |
ʔɨmɔ̀ | wet |
mḛe | dry |
mǣi | real |
ɗɑ̄p | honest |
kʰɑ̤t | fake, false |
ɓɔ̤ɔm | other |
ɗɨ̀m | same |
pʰɑ̤k | only |
ɗɾɛ̄k | lazy |
ɓɛ̰ŋ | serious |
ʔɐsɔ̀k | tired |
tɾǽk | crazy |
ʔɪhɑ̤p | sane |
tōk | idiotic |
ɗéek | horrible |
wɑ̀ɑ | clean |
kṵun | dirty |
sūŋ | next |
tɾìn | previous |
ɟe̤p | fortunate |
bɑ̄k | unfortunate |
ʔɪnṳup | future |
ɟúk | present |
ʔɐhóŋ | past |
nɪkɛ́m | smart, intelligent |
ʔɨɡɔ̰t | dumb, stupid |
sʊmɑ́k | strange, weird |
sòp | beautiful |
nīim | plain |
sʊhæ̤ | cute |
kʰɑ̄ɑk | ugly |
ʔɪcɔ̰k | glad |
hɨnɑ̄ɑm | calm |
kɨkɑ̄p | lucky |
nʊmɑ́ | extra |
yɑ̤n | black |
ɓóm | white |
dɛ̀k | red |
hīi | brown |
lɛ̤ɛn | gray |
ɾím | yellow |
lɑ̰u | green |
mɜ̀t | blue, purple |
hɨ̄m | one |
kɾæ̀ | two |
bɔ̰ | three |
jʊcék | four |
tɑ̀u | five |
mi̤t | ten |
gɐmi̤t | twelve |
ʔòt | twenty |
ɗæ̰i | hundred |
gɐɗæ̰i | one hundred and twenty |
lɛ́ɛ | one thousand |
gɐlɛ́ɛ | one thousand two hundred |
kʰǣu | ten thousand |
gɐkʰǣu | twelve thousand |
kʰɔ̄ | thing (may take any classifier corresponding to any inanimate object) |
nùun | living thing (may take any classifier corresponding to any living thing) |
lɑ̤u | group (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
næ̰i | bunch (classifier: kǣ) |
ɟɑ̀m | part (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
lòn | place (classifier: mɑ́t or sɛ̤k) |
tʰæ̤n | way, manner (classifer: gɛ̤ɛ) |
pʰɑ̀ɑŋ | kind (classifer: gɛ̤ɛ) |
pʰīk | matter, issue (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
ɓo̰k | human (classifier: bɑ̰) |
ník | man (classifier: bɑ̰) |
sò | woman (classifier: bɑ̰) |
ɾǣɨ | child (classifier: ʔíi) |
jɔ̀ɔ | baby (classifier: ʔíi) |
jʊwɛ́ŋ | young boy (classifier: ʔíi) |
jʊsɨ̄ɨm | young girl (classifier: ʔíi) |
wɛ́ŋ | older boy, male young adult (classifier: ʔíi or bɑ̰) |
sɨ̄ɨm | older girl, female young adult (classifier: ʔíi or bɑ̰) |
lɐgæ̀k | mother (classifier: bɑ̰) |
jɨhɑ̰ɑ | father (classifier: bɑ̰) |
lɔ̄ŋ | son (classifier: bɑ̰ or ʔíi) |
mɪɾɛ̤ | daughter (classifier: bɑ̰ or ʔíi) |
wǽi | sibling (classifier: bɑ̰ or ʔíi) |
ʔɐɲé | brother (classifier: bɑ̰ or ʔíi) |
lo̰ | sister (classifier: bɑ̰ or ʔíi) |
lɐwɔ́ɔ | maternal grandmother (classifier: bɑ̰) |
cʰɨ̄ | maternal grandfather (classifier: bɑ̰) |
mō | paternal grandmother (classifier: bɑ̰) |
jɨkɜ̰ɜ | paternal grandfather (classifier: bɑ̰) |
pʰɑ̤ | husband (classifier: bɑ̰) |
dù | wife (classifier: bɑ̰) |
ʔɐɓæ̰i | partner (classifier: bɑ̰) |
ɓɔ̄ɔk | lord, high-status man (classifier: cʰɑ́ or bɑ̰) |
cæ̀im | lady, high-status woman (classifier: cʰɑ́ or bɑ̰) |
sʊlæ̰i | peasant (classifier: bɑ̰ or mɘ̤) |
kʰɛ́ɛm | slave (classifier: bɑ̰ or mɘ̤) |
hɛ̀ɛn | enemy (classifier: bɑ̰) |
sɨɟǣm | tribe, people, nation (classifier: cɑ̀p) |
tɪhǽu | role (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
jo̤o | animal (classifier: cík, ɟæ̀u, or cæ̰i) |
ʔɐjɑ̀t | home (classifier: kǣ) |
ɟɑ̤u | house (classifier, sɛ̤k) |
hæ̀m | village, hamlet (classifier: ɗɜ̤ɜn) |
ɓɔ̰ɔn | town (classifier: ɗɜ̤ɜn) |
ʔɨsṵum | city (classifier: lɑ́i) |
ʔɐtʰḭm | land (classifier: mɑ́t or hì) |
ʔɑ̄uk | country (classifier: cɑ̀p) |
kòp | field (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
jɛ̀m | hill (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
cɑ̀iŋ | mountain (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
kʰòk | north (classifier: hì) |
mɑ̰ɨn | south (classifier: hì) |
næ̤it | east (classifier: hì) |
súuk | west (classifier: hì) |
mǣun | ice (classifier: kǣ) |
wɔ̄ɔn | sky (classifier: pím) |
ɓɛ́n | day, 24 hour hours (classifier: nɨ̄ŋ) |
tʰɨ̰ŋ | language variety (classifier: tæ̀) |
cɨɓo̰k | rəgyam-family language (classifier: tæ̀) |
cɨhɛ̀ɛn | Tshyak-family language (classifier: tæ̀) |
nǣt | young (classifier: cík, cæ̰i, or ɟæ̀u) |
ɟɔ̤p | cat (classifier: cæ̰i or ɟæ̀u) |
ʔɐjɑ̄m | dog (classifier: cæ̰i or ɟæ̀u) |
gḛt | bird (classifier: cík) |
cʰǣp | tiger (classifier: cæ̰i) |
ʔɨɗɔ̤ɔt | lion (classifier: cæ̰i) |
hɐkéen | bear (classifier: cæ̰i) |
cɑ̀ɑn | duck (classifier: cík or ɟæ̀u) |
wóŋ | pig (classifier: ɟæ̀u) |
lɜ̀t | deer (classifier: cík) |
kʰɘ̤ɘn | snake (classifier: cík) |
ɾɘ̤k | leaf (classifier: kǣ) |
ʔɐɓēt | (non-tree) plant (classifier: múu) |
kʰlɑ̀m | tree (classifier: ɗǣɨ) |
bɜ̤t | nose (classifier: lɘ̰) |
ʔɐɗɔ̀p | sound (classifier: kǣ) |
ɓɨhǣi | word (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
ʔɐwæ̀ŋ | phrase (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
dɪhæ̤u | sentence (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
mɪkǽæ | symbol (classifier: kǣ) |
ɓɨtʰù | class (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
wɐnḭ | pitch, tone (classifier: kǣ) |
jʊhæ̰ | rule (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
cʰɜ̀m | instruction (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
ʔɐɟīm | action (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
cɐpɑ̤ | mood (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
tɪpɑ́ | sarcasm (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
ʔʊbɑ̤ | time (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
lɑ̤um | idea (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
tɨɓṳ | sex, gender (classifier: gɛ̤ɛ) |
ʔɐlɑ̀ | problem (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
ʔɐkæ̰i | example (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
nɐpɑ̀i | reason (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
pʰɑ̤m | victory (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
ʔɐdīin | defeat (classifier: sɔ̄m) |
pɐkḭim | weapon (classifier: kǣ) |
mɐlḛk | box (classifier: kǣ) |
gʊkɑ̤im | button (classifier: kǣ) |
nʊhɑ̰ | cup (classifier: kǣ) |
sṵu | dish (classifier: kǣ) |
ne̤e | trough (classifier: kǣ) |
ɾɪmɜ̀k | puff (classifier: kǣ) |
sɐhɑ̰p | mistake (classifier: kʰù) |
nɪŋæ̰ | brain (classifier: lɘ̰) |
ŋḛ | disease (classifier: kʰù) |
ɾɔ̤ɔ | air (classifier: lé) |
ɲǽu | water (classifier: lé) |
nīt | soil (classifier: lé) |
sōt | sand (classifier: lé) |
lɔ́k | ash (classifier: lé) |
wɑ̀p | ice (classifier: jḛ) |
jɐnɑ̄ | gravel, pebbles (classifier: ʔɨ̰ɨ) |
lɑ̀t | massive stone, rock (classifier: jḛ) |
tɔ́ | individual stones, rocks (classifier: hæ̀) |
ɾīit | wood (classifier: jḛ) |
cɑ̤k | rust (classifier: lé) |
ɲɛ̄k | grass (classifier: múu) |
wōt | tree (classifier: ɗǣɨ) |
nɔ̄k | stick (classifier: sɑ́u) |
kɔ́ɔ | reed (classifier: sɑ́u) |
ʔɜ̄ɜm | pole (classifier: sɑ́u) |
mēm | long, narrow board (classifier: sɑ́u) |
mɛ̄t | rice (classifier: hṳu) |
ɾɑ́n | meat (classifier: hṳu) |
hǣæk | fish (classifier: hṳu) |
mɑ́k | dog (classifier: ɟæ̀u) |
lɜ́ɜt | chicken (classifier: hṳu, ɟæ̀u) |
ʔɐnɑ́ɑ | pig/pork (classifier: hṳu, ɟæ̀u) |
ɾìk | house (classifier: sɛ̤k) |
ɓǽn | village, hamlet (classifier: ɗɜ̤ɜn) |
ɓɑ̄k | hill (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
wɑ́ɑt | pond (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
ɟɔ̄m | smaller lake (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
pʰɑ̤ɑ | island (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
ŋo̰o | plain (classifier: tʰɛ̄ɛ) |
ɗɜ̤t | larger lake, sea (classifier: hì) |
pʰɛ̄k | rice paddy (classifier: mɑ́t) |
ʔɐɟɑ̄ɑ | village square (classifier: mɑ́t) |
dɛ̄ɛ | path, road (classifier: mɑ́t) |
ʔɪɾǣ | fence (classifier: sɑ́u) |
tʰɔ̄ɔk | wall (classifier: ɓɜ̤) |
sɛ̤ɛt | sheet (classifier: dɾɔ̰ɔ) |
jōok | wide board, table (classifier: dɾɔ̰ɔ) |
hɜ̄n | cloth (classifier: dɾɔ̰ɔ) |
hɑ́k | shirt, blouse (classifier: lǽk) |
ɟɔ́ɔt | pants (classifier: lǽk) |
mùu | skirt (classifier: lǽk) |
cōo | shoe, sandal (classifier: lǽk) |
jén | sleeve (classifier: lǽk) |
hæ̤æm | line (classifier: kǣ) |
ɲɑ̀u | loop (classifier: kǣ) |