Middle Mkroh Registers
The inherited pronouns are usually used for speaking to people of the same social status, lower social status, and or younger age.
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a similar status who are not close, the following is used:
If one is male:
- 1st sg. ni sǎiʔ (ni sát) (speaking to sg.) / lo sǎiʔ (lo sát) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl. du. ni sǎiʔkǎ (ni sǎiʔkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo sǎiʔkǎ (lo sǎiʔkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl. pl. ni sátá (speaking to sg.) / lo sátá (speaking to du./pl.)
(sǎiʔ (sát) "brother")
If one is female:
- 1st sg. ni náy (speaking to sg.) / lo náy (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl. du. ni náykǎ (ni náykáp (speaking to sg.) / lo náykǎ (ni náykáp) (speaking du./pl.)
- 1st excl. pl. ni náya (speaking to sg.) / lo náya (speaking to du./pl.)
(náy "sister")
If who one is speaking to is male:
- 2nd sg. ma sǎiʔ (ma sát) (speaking as sg.) / rwu sǎiʔ (rwu sát) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma sǎiʔkǎ (ma sǎiʔkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu sǎiʔkǎ (rwu sǎiʔkáp) (speaking as du./pl)
- 2nd pl. ma sátá (speaking to sg.) / rwu sátá (speaking to du./pl.)
(sǎiʔ (sát) "brother")
- 2nd sg. ma náy (speaking as sg.) / rwu náy (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma náykǎ (ni náykáp (speaking as sg.) / rwu náykǎ (ni náykáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma náya (speaking as sg.) / rwu náya (speaking as du./pl.)
(náy "sister")
If who one is speaking of is male:
- 3rd sg. sǎtyá
- 3rd du. sǎtyákǎ (sǎtyákáp)
- 3rd pl. sǎtyáya
(sǎiʔ (sát) "brother")
If who one is speaking of is female:
- 3rd sg. náyá
- 3rd du. náyákǎ (náyákáp)
- 3rd pl. náyáya
(náy "sister")
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a higher status or older age who one does not have too distant a relationship with, the following is used:
If one is male:
- 1st sg. ni ŋyè (ni ŋyeh) (speaking to sg.) / lo ŋyè (lo ŋyeh) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl du. ni ŋyèkǎ (ni ŋyèkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo ŋyèkǎ (lo ŋyèkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl pl. ni ŋyehyá (speaking to sg.) / lo ŋyehyá (speaking to du./pl.)
(ŋyè (ŋyeh) "son")
If one is female:
- 1st sg. ni kár (ni kár') (speaking to sg.) / lo kár (ni kár') (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl du. ni kárkǎ (ni kárkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo kárkǎ (lo kárkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl pl. ni kár'ya (speaking to sg.) / lo kár'ya (speaking to du./pl.)
(kár (kár') "daughter")
If who one is speaking to is male:
- 2nd sg. ma sǎiʔmò (ma sǎiʔmoh) (speaking as sg.) / rwu sǎiʔmò (rwu sǎiʔmoh) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma sǎiʔmòkǎ (ma sǎiʔmòkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu sǎiʔmòkǎ (rwu sǎiʔmòkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma sǎiʔmohyá (speaking as sg.) / rwu sǎiʔmohyá (speaking as du./pl.)
(sǎiʔmò (sǎiʔmoh) "paternal uncle")
If who one is speaking to is female:
- 2nd sg. ma náytí (speaking as sg.) / rwu náytí) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma náytíkǎ (ma náytíkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu náytíkǎ (rwu náytíkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma náytíya (speaking as sg.) / rwu náytíya (speaking as du./pl.)
(náytí "maternal aunt")
If who one is speaking of is male:
- 3rd sg. sǎiʔmòʔyá
- 3rd du. sǎiʔmòʔyákǎ (sǎiʔmòʔyákáp)
- 3rd pl. sǎiʔmòʔyáya
(sǎiʔmò (sǎiʔmoh) "paternal uncle")
If who one is speaking of is female:
- 3rd sg. náytíʔyá
- 3rd du. náytíʔyákǎ (náytíʔyákáp)
- 3rd pl. náytíʔyáya
(náytí "maternal aunt")
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a lower status or younger age who one does not have too distant a relationship with, the following is used:
If one is male:
- 1st sg. ni sǎiʔmò (ni sǎiʔmoh) (speaking to sg.) / lo sǎiʔmò (lo sǎiʔmoh) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl du. ni sǎiʔmòkǎ (ni sǎiʔmòkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo sǎiʔmòkǎ (lo sǎiʔmòkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl pl. ni sǎiʔmohyá (speaking to sg.) / lo sǎiʔmohyá (speaking to du./pl.)
(sǎiʔmò (sǎiʔmoh) "paternal uncle")
If one is female:
- 1st sg. ni náytí (speaking to sg.) / lo náytí) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl. du. ni náytíkǎ (ni náytíkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo náytíkǎ (lo náytíkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl. pl. ni náytíya (speaking to sg.) / lo náytíya (speaking to du./pl.)
(náytí "maternal aunt")
If who one is speaking to is male:
- 2nd sg. ma ŋyè (ma ŋyeh) (speaking as sg.) / rwu ŋyè (rwu ŋyeh) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma ŋyèkǎ (ma ŋyèkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu ŋyèkǎ (rwu ŋyèkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma ŋyehyá (speaking as sg.) / rwu ŋyehyá (speaking as du./pl.)
(ŋyè (ŋyeh) "son")
If who one is speaking to is female:
- 2nd sg. ma kár (ma kár') (speaking as sg.) / rwu kár (rwu kár') (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma kárkǎ (ma kárkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu kárkǎ (rwu kárkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma kár'ya (speaking as sg.) / rwu kár'ya (speaking as du./pl.)
(kár (kár') "daughter")
If who one is speaking of is male:
- 3rd sg. ŋyèʔyá
- 3rd du. ŋyèʔyákǎ (ŋyèʔyákáp)
- 3rd pl. ŋyèʔyáya
(ŋyè (ŋyeh) "son")
If who one is speaking of is female:
- 3rd sg. kárʔyá
- 3rd du. kárʔyákǎ (kárʔyákáp)
- 3rd pl. kárʔyáya
(kár (kár') "daughter")
When speaking respectfully to or of one or more persons of markedly higher social status, the following are used:
- 1st sg. ni tílěr (ni tíler) (speaking to sg.) / lo tílěr (lo tíler) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl du. ni tílěrkǎ (ni tílěrkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo tílěrkǎ (lo tílěrkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st excl pl ni tílera (speaking to sg.) / lo tílera (speaking to du./pl.)
(tílěr (tíler) "servant")
If who one is speaking to is male:
- 2nd sg. ma pàirʔ (ma pàrt / ma pǎirʔs) (speaking as sg.) / rwu pàirʔ (rwu pàrt / rwu pǎirʔs) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma pàirʔkǎ (ma pàirʔkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu pàirʔkǎ (rwu pàirʔkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma pǎirʔsá (speaking as sg.) / rwu pǎirʔsá (speaking to du./pl.)
(pàirʔ (pàrt / pǎirʔs) "lord")
If who one is speaking to is female:
- 2nd sg. ma dǎuʔ (ma dák) (speaking as sg.) / rwu dǎuʔ (rwu dák) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma dǎuʔkǎ (ma dǎuʔkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu dǎuʔkǎ (rwu dǎuʔkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma dáká (speaking as sg.) / rwu dáká (speaking as du./pl.)
(dǎuʔ (dák) "lady")
If who one is speaking of is male:
- 3rd sg. pàrtyá
- 3rd du. pàrtyákǎ (pàrtyákáp)
- 3rd pl. pàrtyáya
(pàirʔ (pàrt / pǎirʔs) "lord")
If who one is speaking of is female:
- 3rd sg. dǎkyá
- 3rd du. dǎkyákǎ (dǎkyákáp)
- 3rd pl. dǎkyáya
(dǎuʔ (dák) "lady")
When one is lording over people socially beneath them, the following are used:
If one is male:
- 1st sg. ni pàirʔ (ni pàrt / ni pǎirʔs) (speaking to sg.) / lo pàirʔ (lo pàrt / lo pǎirʔs) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st du. ni pàirʔkǎ (ni pàirʔkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo pàirʔkǎ (lo pàirʔkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st pl. ni pǎirʔsá (speaking to sg.) / lo pǎirʔsá (speaking to du./pl.)
(pàirʔ (pàrt / pǎirʔs) "lord")
If one is female:
- 1sg sg. ni dǎuʔ (ni dák) (speaking to sg.) / lo dǎuʔ (lo dák) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st du. ni dǎuʔkǎ (ni dǎuʔkáp) (speaking to sg.) / lo dǎuʔkǎ (lo dǎuʔkáp) (speaking to du./pl.)
- 1st pl. ni dáká (speaking to sg.) / lo dáká (speaking to du./pl.)
(dǎuʔ (dák) "lady")
- 2nd sg. ma tílěr (ma tíler) (speaking as sg.) / rwu tílěr (rwu tíler) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd du. ma tílěrkǎ (ma tílěrkáp) (speaking as sg.) / rwu tílěrkǎ (rwu tílěrkáp) (speaking as du./pl.)
- 2nd pl. ma tílera (speaking as sg.) / rwu tílera (speaking as du./pl.)
- 3rd sg. tílěryá
- 3rd du. tílěryákǎ (tílěryákáp)
- 3rd pl. tílěryáya
(tílěr (tíler) "servant")