Old Tshyak Verbs
There are the following types of stems:
Type A: most stems, no extra behavior
Type B: has front rather than back vowels before palatals, e.g. due to following y, palatalization of stem-final k by following y, assimilation of stem-final h with following y or ngy, and palatalization of stem-final ng by following y, r, or l
Type C: has s inserted before following y and has sr in the place of following r
Type D: has sh in the place of following y or r
Type E: has s in the place of stem-final h before following y and has sr in the place of stem-final h and following r
Type F: has sh in the place of stem-final h before following y and has sh in the place of stem-final h and following r
Type G: has final nasals preserved as such before y or r, which remains as r rather than becoming y
existential be: gaey (pfv.), gey (ipfv.)
equational be: lae (pfv.), lao (ipfv.)
do: tha (pfv.), thae (ipfv.)
make: tre (pfv.) tri (ipfv.)
go: riy (pfv.), ruy (ipfv.)
come: gya (pfv.), gyi (ipfv.)
take: pho (pfv.) (type B), phu (ipfv.) (type B)
give to: nga (pfv.), ngao (ipfv.)
put: khaey (pfv.), khaoy (ipfv.)
carry: nday (pfv.), nduy (ipfv.)
allow: hey (pfv.), hoy (ipfv.)
benefactive: nja (pfv.), nju (ipfv.)
conditional: mto (pfv.) (type B), mtu (ipfv.) (type B)
be at a time: kha (ipfv.)
be during a time: mbra (ipfv.)
be after a time: nya (ipfv.)
be before a time: hlaw (ipfv.)
be possessed by: tsha (ipfv.)
be along with: kyi (ipfv.)
be in addition to: rwak (ipfv.)
be between: gwot (ipfv.)
be from: yaer (ipfv.)
be near: khaw (ipfv.)
be greater than: sray (ipfv.)
be indexed by: mkye (ipfv.)
be because of: n'gra (ipfv.)
so therefore: hlaep (ipfv.)
be in (a language): plyer (ipfv.)
be of a topic: prael (ipfv.)
use (instrumental): myi (pfv.), myu (ipfv.)
be with (comitative): law (ipfv.)
be together: hyap (ipfv.)
look like, look to be, appear: glaw (pfv.), glaew (ipfv.)
stay: kray (pfv.), kraoy (ipfv.)
stand, be at: yoh (pfv.), yuh (ipfv.)
sit, be on: hae (pfv.), hao (ipfv.)
lie, be in, tsay (pfv.) tsiy (ipfv.)
hold: wek (pfv.) (type C), wik (ipfv.) (type C)
feel (an object): lya (pfv.), lyo (ipfv.)
seek: nah (pfv.), naeh (ipfv.)
choose: yon (pfv.) (type G), yun (ipfv.) (type G)
see, look: nang (pfv.), naong (ipfv.)
say: gway (pfv.), gwey (ipfv.)
speak: keh (pfv.), koh (ipfv.)
hear, listen: sya (pfv.), syo (ipfv.) (type B)
ask: zyao (pfv.) (type B), zyu (ipfv.) (type B)
answer: mphang (pfv.) (type G), mphaeng (ipfv.) (type G)
keep: luk (pfv.) (type C), luk (ipfv.) (type C)
meet: ndrok (pfv.), ndruk (ipfv.)
walk: hap (pfv.), haop (ipfv.)
run: kwoh (pfv.) (type F), kwoh (ipfv.) (type F)
work (on): gtaw (pfv.) (type C), gtaew (ipfv.) (type C)
sing: sryaw (pfv.), sryew (ipfv.)
rise: rak (pfv.), rek (ipfv.)
fall: ben (pfv.), bon (ipfv.)
go towards: hwak (pfv.), hwaek (ipfv.)
go to: let (pfv.) (type C), lot (ipfv.) (type C)
enter: ndaeh (pfv.), ndaoh (ipfv.)
leave: dzah (pfv.) (type E), dzaoh (ipfv.) (type E)
push: gat (pfv.), get (ipfv.)
pull: paw (pfv.), piw (ipfv.)
reach: rom (pfv.) (type G), rum (ipfv.) (type G)
drag: hlom (pfv.), hlum (ipfv.)
stretch: 'kyep (pfv.), 'kyop (ipfv.)
hurry: hying (pfv.) (type G), hyung (ipfv.) (type G)
become: liy (pfv.), luy (ipfv.)
live: mkya (pfv.), mkyo (ipfv.)
be dead: rwao (ipfv.) (type B)
live in/at, inhabit: krep (pfv.), krop (ipfv.)
know: pley (pfv.), ploy (ipfv.)
think: lwang (pfv.), lweng (ipfv.)
feel (a feeling): mbe (pfv.), mbi (ipfv.)
want: n'graw (pfv.), n'grow (ipfv.)
believe: kroh (ipfv.)
remember: blew (pfv.), blow (ipfv.)
understand: nyat (pfv.), nyaet (ipfv.)
mean, intend: dzeng (pfv.) (type G), dzong (ipfv.) (type G)
have meaning: phyang (pfv.), phyaeng (ipfv.)
worry: grot (pfv.), grut (ipfv.)
hope: yaet (pfv.), yet (ipfv.)
name: shin (pfv.), shin (ipfv.)
call: khraw (pfv.), khrow (ipfv.)
forget: mkhrae (pfv.), mkhrao (ipfv.) (type B)
find: glyi (pfv.), glyu (ipfv.)
forgive: khley (pfv.), khloy (ipfv.)
eat: mah (pfv.), maeh (ipfv.)
drink: yak (pfv.), yek (ipfv.)
taste: mbah (pfv.), mboh (ipfv.)
swallow: gwar (pfv.) (type C), gwer (ipfv.) (type C)
spit: hrik (pfv.), hruk (ipfv.)
vomit: rtwae (pfv.), rtwao (ipfv.)
cry: glih (pfv.) (type E), gluh (ipfv.) (type E)
sneeze: raek (pfv.), raok (ipfv.) (type B)
urinate: mey (pfv.), miy (ipfv.)
defecate: mbok (pfv.), mbuk (ipfv.)
fuck: gyat (pfv.) (type C), gyet (ipfv.) (type C)
hunt: rkyah (pfv.), rkyuh (ipfv.) (type B)
be awake: jek (pfv.), jok (ipfv.)
sleep: chaw (pfv.), chaow (ipfv.)
dream: mtsim (pfv.), mtsum (ipfv.) (type B)
wake: ryang (pfv.) (type G), ryaeng (ipfv.) (type G)
wander: jaek (pfv.), jaok (ipfv.) (type B)
serve: lyar (pfv.), lyer (ifpv.)
count: sryang (pfv.), sryaeng (ipfv.)
mind: mbryap (pfv.), mbryaop (ipfv.)
join: draw (pfv.) (type C), drew (ipfv.) (type C)
split: ngyak (pfv.), ngyaek (ipfv.)
lead: nget (pfv.), ngot (ipfv.)
follow: hlat (pfv.), hlaet (ipfv.)
tempt: dkryeh (pfv.), dkryoh (ipfv.)
save, rescue: n'graen (pfv.), n'graon (ipfv.)
prevent: thrang (pfv.), threng (ipfv.)
hit, strike, beat: dzya (pfv.), dzyae (ipfv.)
be worth: tshem (pfv.) (type G), tshom (ipfv.) (type G)
slip through: ndraeh (pfv.), ndraoh (ipfv.)
nurture: mtryak (pfv.), mtryok (ipfv.)
nuzzle: stsyeh (pfv.), stsyoh (ipfv.)
escape: yih (pfv.), yuh (ipfv.)
grow (intr.): hrway (pfv.), hrwaey (ipfv.)
farm: rklyeh (pfv.), rklyoh (ipfv.)
plant: n'gwaek (pfv.), n'gwaok (ipfv.) (type B)
plow: slyaw (pfv.), slyew (ipfv.)
harvest: zap (pfv.), zop (ipfv.)
build: zhim (pfv.), zhum (ipfv.)
put togther, assemble: blyang (pfv.), blyeng (ipfv.)
fix, repair: glap (pfv.), glaop (ipfv.)
destroy: ptshat (pfv.), ptshut (ipfv.)
add: ndzaw (pfv.), ndzew (ipfv.)
remove: gaeh (pfv.) (type F), gaoh (ipfv.) (type F)
start: grya (pfv.), gryao (ipfv.) (type B)
stop: trak (pfv.), trok (ipfv.) (type B)
finish: srip (pfv.), srup (ipfv.)
try, attempt: zryan (pfv.) (type G), zryen (ipfv.) (type G)
write: bslar (pfv.), bslaor (ipfv.)
draw: thing (pfv.), thung (ipfv.) (type B)
read: kyaeh (pfv.), kyaoh (ipfv.)
watch: ndyak (pfv.), ndyek (ipfv.)
drag: n'get (pfv.) (type C), n'got (ipfv.) (type C)
sew: ceng (pfv.), cong (ipfv.)
tie: mthrek (pfv.), mthrok (ipfv.) (type B)
tear, rip: blar (pfv.), bler (ipfv.)
cut: hreng (pfv.) (type G), hrong (ipfv.) (type G)
fold: syiw (pfv.), syuw (ipfv.)
throw: srih (pfv.), sruh (ipfv.)
catch: paw (pfv.), paew (ipfv.)
fit (intr.): byaek (pfv.), byaok (ipfv.) (type B)
cook: phaek (pfv.), phaok (ipfv.)
wash: yer (pfv.), yor (ipfv.)
drain (intr.): kwey (pfv.), kwoy (ipfv.)
swim: chaom (pfv.), chum (ipfv.)
chase: tsep (pfv.), tsop (ipfv.)
fly: ltshong (pfv.) (type G), ltshung (ipfv.) (type G)
flee: tndre (pfv.), tndru (ipfv.)
jump, hop: lang (pfv.), laeng (ipfv.)
give birth: lyaok (pfv.) (type B), lyuk (ipfv.) (type B)
climb: lying (pfv.), lyung (ipfv.)
sweep: bhlaem (pfv.), bhlaom (ipfv.)
dig: hroy (pfv.), hruy (ipfv.)
squeeze: rsyaw (pfv.), rsyew (ipfv.)
squash: rsyer (pfv.), rsyor (ipfv.)
buy: shom (pfv.) (type G), shum (ipfv.) (type G)
sell: ndyaeh (pfv.) (type E), ndyaoh (ipfv.) (type E)
pay: n'gleh (pfv.), n'gloh (ipfv.) (type B)
trade: mbraew (pfv.), mbraow (ipfv.)
steal: khryak (pfv.), khryaok (ipfv.)
lend: maeng (pfv.), maong (ipfv.) (type B)
borrow: ngyip (pfv.), ngyup (ipfv.)
owe: myaol (ipfv.)
measure: streh (pfv.), struh (ipfv.)
step: klek (pfv.), klok (ipfv.) (type B)
turn (intr.): ring (ipfv.) (type G)
spin (intr.): phyaok (ipfv.)
roll (intr.): thwer (ipfv.)
slip: lyeng (pfv.), lyong (ipfv.) (type B)
run into, collide: ghret (pfv.), ghrut (ipfv.)
bump: ghyan (pfv.), ghyaen (ipfv.)
crash: 'gryik (pfv.), 'gryuk (ipfv.)
slide: zlaoh (ipfv.) (type B)
flood: jeng (pfv.), jong (ipfv.)
curse: sphrey (pfv.), sphroy (ipfv.)
defile: glaem (pfv.), glaom (ipfv.)
rule: njek (ipfv.)
order: dzih (pfv.), dzuh (ipfv.) (type B)
rebel: ndrip (pfv.), ndrup (ipfv.)
execute: tset (pfv.), tsot (ipfv.)
wait: tshu (ipfv.)
delay, dawdle: haem (ipfv.) (type G)
act hastily: s'hey (pfv.), s'hoy (ipfv.)
have pity for: khap (pfv.), khaop (ipfv.)
have mercy for: ngyah (pfv.), ngyeh (ipfv.)
pray: tbryiw (pfv.), tbryuw (ipfv.)
beg: s'leh (pfv.), s'loh (ipfv.)
love: myaeh (ipfv.)
like: dwaoy (ipfv.)
glance: krit (pfv.), krut (ipfv.)
stare: bleh (pfv.), bloh (ipfv.) (type B)
attack, assault: tray (pfv.), trey (ipfv.)
pronounce: mkhyaeng (pfv.), mkhyaong (ipfv.)
influence: lkhyaen (pfv.) (type G), lkhyun (ipfv.) (type G)
expect: 'bak (pfv.), 'baek (ipfv.)
replace: dryaok (pfv.) (type B), dryuk (ipfv.) (type B)
mark: mtap (pfv.), mtaep (ipfv.)
test: gkrep (pfv.), gkrop (ipfv.)
merge: bhliw (pfv.), bhluw (ipfv.)
win: trap (pfv.), trup (ipfv.)
cook: hraok (pfv.), hruk (ipfv.)
clean: zley (pfv.), zloy (ipfv.)
lose: blang (pfv.) (type C), blong (ipfv.) (type C)
break: k'hyaek (pfv.), k'hyok (ipfv.)
sew: 'laet (pfv.) (type C), 'lot (ipfv.) (type C)
develop (intr.): 'raong (pfv.), 'rung (ipfv.)
cajole: gkap (pfv.) (type C), gkop (ipfv.) (type C)
decide: mgrong (pfv.) (type G), mgrung (ipfv.) (type G)
cultivate: ryop (ipfv.)
preach: kzrew (pfv.), kzrow (ipfv.)
marry: ghlet (pfv.), ghlit (ipfv.)
ride: skep (pfv.), skop (ipfv.)
fight: bryam (pfv.), bryaom (ipfv.)
rob: tryek (pfv.), tryok (ipfv.)
be good: dryang (ipfv.)
be bad: khwaoy (ipfv.)
be all/every: mbreh (ipfv.) (type E)
be much/many: nyok (ipfv.)
be some: n'gyat (ipfv.)
be less/few: khlaot (ipfv.)
be new: gye (ipfv.)
be old: plaew (ipfv.)
be small: brek (ipfv.)
be large: ryang (ipfv.) (type G)
be short (height): wek (ipfv.)
be tall: srah (ipfv.)
be short (length): hung (ipfv.)
be long: lat (ipfv.)
be thin: hwop (ipfv.)
be thick: met (ipfv.)
be narrow: ndzyi (ipfv.)
be wide: suk (ipfv.)
be low: gyot (ipfv.) (type C)
be high: kwar (ipfv.)
be loose: pyuh (ipfv.)
be tight myaw (ipfv.)
be near: tyit (ipfv.)
be far: tsuh (ipfv.)
be light: shot (ipfv.)
be heavy: zyaek (ipfv.) (type C)
be bright: yaom (ipfv.)
be dark: rong (ipfv.)
be empty: hrow (ipfv.)
be full: 'lar (ipfv.)
be dry: hyaek (ipfv.)
be wet: glyao (ipfv.)
be smooth: zling (ipfv.)
be rough: shoh (ipfv.)
be sticky: byaom (ipfv.) (type G)
be soft: kang (ipfv.) (type G)
be hard: grim (ipfv.)
be easy: phik (ipfv.)
be difficult: kaoh (ipfv.) (type B)
be quiet: rgaw (ipfv.)
be loud: mbraew (ipfv.)
be happy: gthraop (ipfv.)
be sad: lkruh (ipfv.)
be angry: thraw (ipfv.)
be slow: mbliw (ipfv.)
be fast, be quick: 'gyum (ipfv.)
be other: phraet (ipfv.)
be real: blah (ipfv.) (type F)
be similar (to): hlyat (ipfv.)
be sure (of): kral (ipfv.)
be different (from): sdrew (ipfv.)
be related (to): mbruk (ipfv.)
be holy: mgik (ipfv.)
be extinct: mkhaop (ipfv.)
be evil: rgyel (ipfv.)
be ambiguous: n'grot (ipfv.)
be ready: sn'gaew (ipfv.)
be meta: gkhaol (ipfv.)
be glad: bkraw (ipfv.) (type C)
be random: lwak (ipfv.) (type C)
be bored: sgwap (ipfv.)
be pretty: chung (ipfv.) (type B)
be opaque: lkryih (ipfv.)
be shallow: hlok (ipfv.)
be deep: gpliy (ipfv.)
be open: bkra (ipfv.)
be closed: 'hwing (ipfv.)
be rare: mkwang (ipfv.) (type G)
be evil: mbrow (ipfv.)
be cold: 'klyah (ipfv.)
be cool: nik (ipfv.)
be warm: jiw (ipfv.)
be hot: zat (ipfv.)
be free: slat (ipfv.)
be white: nak (ipfv.)
be black: kyeng (ipfv.)
be gray: 'buh (ipfv.) (type B)
be red: ndam (ipfv.)
be brown: rok (ipfv.) (type B)
be green: lon (ipfv.)
be blue: khrup (ipfv.)
be yellow: gpyah (ipfv.) (type E)
be violet: gwat (ipfv.)
be strong: hleng (ipfv.)
be weak: khyak (ipfv.)
be bold: mgruh (ipfv.)
be proud: 'hram (ipfv.)
be sharp, be smart: kblok (ipfv.)
be dull, be dumb: dyan (ipfv.)
be beautiful, be pretty, be handsome: shak (ipfv.)
be ugly: rdaoh (ipfv.) (type E)
be necessary: gblak (ipfv.)
be right, correct: 'blaew (ipfv.)
be wrong: thaok (ipfv.)
be regular, normal: khyah (ipfv.) (type E)