Middle Tshyak Registers
The inherited pronouns are usually used for speaking to people of the same social status, lower social status, and or younger age.
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a similar status who are not close, the following is used
If one is male:
1st sg. sat ni (gram. sát ni) (speaking to sg.) / sat long (gram. sát long) (speaking to du.) / sat lo (gram. sát lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. sat nita (gram. sát nīt) (speaking to sg.) / sat long (gram. sát long) (speaking to du.) / sat lota (gram. sát lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. sat niy (gram. sát niy) (speaking to sg.) / sat longya (gram. sát lony) (speaking to du.) / sat loy (gram. sát loy) (speaking to pl.)
(sat (gram. sát) "brother")
If one is female:
1st sg. nay ni (gram. nay ni) (speaking to sg.) / nay long (gram. nay long) (speaking to du.) / nay lo (gram. nay lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. nay nita (gram. nay nīt) (speaking to sg.) / nay long (gram. nay long) (speaking to du.) / nay lota (gram. nay lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. nay niy (gram. nay niy) (speaking to sg.) / nay longya (gram. nay lony) (speaking to du.) / nay loy (gram. nay loy) (speaking to pl.)
(nay (gram. nay) "sister")
If who one is speaking to is male:
2nd sg. sat ma (gram. sát ma) (speaking as sg.) / sat rung (gram. sát rung) (speaking as du.) / sat ru (gram. sát ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. sat mata (gram. sát māt) (speaking as sg.) / sat rung (gram. sát rung) (speaking as du.), / sat ruta (gram. sát rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. sat may (gram. sát may) (speaking as sg.) / sat rungya (gram. sát runy) (speaking as du.) / sat ruy (gram. sát ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(sat (gram. sát) "brother")
If who one is speaking to is female:
2nd sg. nay ma (gram. nay ma) (speaking as sg.) / nay rung (gram. nay rung) (speaking as du.) / nay ru (gram. nay ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. nay mata (gram. nay māt) (speaking as sg.) / nay rung (gram. nay rung) (speaking as du.), / nay ruta (gram. nay rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. nay may (gram. nay may) (speaking as sg.) / nay rungya (gram. nay runy) (speaking as du.) / nay ruy (gram. nay ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(nay (gram. nay) "sister")
If who one is speaking of is male:
3rd sg. sat le (gram. sát le)
3rd du. sat leta (gram. sát lēt)
3rd pl. sat ley (gram. sát ley)
(sat (gram. sát) "brother")
If who one is speaking of is female:
3rd sg. nay le (gram. nay le)
3rd du. nay leta (gram. nay lēt)
3rd pl. nay ley (gram nay ley)
(nay (gram. nay) "sister")
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a higher status or older age who one does not have too distant a relationship with, the following is used:
If one is male:
1st sg. ngyeh ni (gram. nyè ni) (speaking to sg.) / ngyeh long (gram. nyè long) (speaking to du.) / ngyeh lo (gram. nyè lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. ngyeh nita (gram. nyè nīt) (speaking to sg.) / ngyeh long (gram. nyè long) (speaking to du.) / ngyeh lota (gram. nyè lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. ngyeh niy (gram. nyè niy) (speaking to sg.) / ngyeh longya (gram. nyè lony) (speaking to du.) / ngyeh loy (gram. nyè loy) (speaking to pl.)
(ngyeh (gram. nyè) "son")
If one is female:
1st sg. rkha ni (gram. qhrá ni) (speaking to sg.) / rkha long (gram. qhrá long) (speaking to du.) / rkha lo (gram. qhrá lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. rkha nita (gram. qhrá nīt) (speaking to sg.) / rkha long (gram. qhrá long) (speaking to du.) / rkha lota (gram. qhrá lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. rkha niy (gram. qhrá niy) (speakign to sg.) / rkha longya (gram. qhrá lony) (speaking to du.) / rkha loy (gram. qhrá loy) (speaking to pl.)
(rkha (gram. qhrá) "daughter")
If who one is speaking to is male:
2nd sg. sat moh ma (gram. sát mò ma) (speaking as sg.) / sat moh rung (gram. sát mò rung) (speaking as du.) / sat moh ru (gram. sát mò ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. sat moh mata (gram. sát mò māt) (speaking as sg.) / sat moh rung (gram. sát mò rung) (speaking as du.) / sat moh ruta (gram. sát mò rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. sat moh may (gram. sát mò may) (speakign as sg.) / sat moh rungya (gram. sát mò runy) (speaking as du.) / sat moh ruy (gram. sát mò ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(sat moh (gram. sát mò) "paternal uncle")
If who one is speaking to is female:
2nd sg. nay di ma (gram. nay ti ma) (speaking as sg.) / nay di rung (gram. nay ti rung) (speaking as du.) / nay di ru (gram. nay ti ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. nay di mata (gram. nay ti māt) (speaking as sg.) / nay di rung (gram. nay ti rung) (speaking as du.) / nay di ruta (gram. nay ti rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. nay di may (gram. nay ti may) (speakign as sg.) / nay di rungya (gram. nay ti runy) (speaking as du.) / nay di ruy (gram. nay ti ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(nay di (gram. nay ti) "maternal aunt")
If who one is speaking of is male:
3rd sg. sat moh le (gram. sát mò le)
3rd du. sat moh leta (gram. sát mò lēt)
3rd pl. sat moh ley (gram. sát mò ley)
(sat moh (gram. sát mò) "paternal uncle")
If who one is speaking of is female:
3rd sg. nay di le (gram. nay ti le)
3rd du. nay di leta (gram. nay ti lēt)
3rd pl. nay di ley (gram. nay ti ley)
(nay di (gram. nay ti) "maternal aunt")
When speaking respectfully to or of people of a lower status or younger age who one does not have too distant a relationship with, the following is used:
If one is male:
1st sg. sat moh ni (gram. sát mò ni) (speaking to sg.) / sat moh long (gram. sát mò long) (speaking to du.) / sat moh lo (gram. sát mò lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. sat moh nita (gram. sát mò nīt) (speaking to sg.) / sat moh long (gram. sát mò long) (speaking to du.) / sat moh lota (gram. sát mò lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. sat moh niy (gram. sát mò niy) (speakign to sg.) / sat moh longya (gram. sát mò lony) (speaking to du.) / sat moh loy (gram. sát mò loy) (speaking to pl.)
(sat moh (gram. sát mò) "paternal uncle")
If one is female:
1st sg. nay di ni (gram. nay ti ni) (speaking to sg.) / nay di long (gram. nay ti long) (speaking to du.) / nay di lo (gram. nay ti lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. nay di nita (gram. nay ti nīt) (speaking to sg.) / nay di long (gram. nay ti long) (speaking to du.) / nay di lota (gram. nay ti lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. nay di niy (gram. nay ti niy) (speakign to sg.) / nay di longya (gram. nay ti lony) (speaking to du.) / nay di loy (gram. nay ti loy) (speaking to pl.)
(nay di (gram. nay ti) "maternal aunt")
If who one is speaking to is male:
2nd sg. ngyeh ma (gram. nyè ma) (speaking as sg.) / ngyeh rung (gram. nyè rung) (speaking as du.) / ngyeh ru (gram. nyè ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. ngyeh mata (gram. nyè māt) (speaking as sg.) / ngyeh rung (gram. nyè rung) (speaking as du.), / ngyeh ruta (gram. nyè rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. ngyeh may (gram. nyè may) (speaking as sg.) / ngyeh rungya (gram. nyè runy) (speaking as du.) / ngyeh ruy (gram. nyè ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(ngyeh (gram. nyè) "son")
If who one is speaking to is female:
2nd sg. rkha ma (gram. qhrá ma) (speaking as sg.) / rkha rung (gram. qhrá rung) (speaking as du.) / rkha ru (gram. qhrá ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. rkha mata (gram. qhrá māt) (speaking as sg.) / rkha rung (gram. qhrá rung) (speaking as du.), / rkha ruta (gram. qhrá rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. rkha may (gram. qhrá may) (speaking as sg.) / rkha rungya (gram. qhrá runy) (speaking as du.) / rkha ruy (gram. qhrá ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(rkha (gram. qhrá) "daughter")
If who one is speaking of is male:
3rd sg. ngyeh le (gram. nyè le)
3rd du. ngyeh leta (gram. nyè lēt)
3rd pl. ngyeh ley (gram. nyè ley)
(ngyeh (gram. nyè) "son")
If who one is speaking of is female:
3rd sg. rkha le (gram. qhrá le)
3rd du. rkha leta (gram. qhrá lēt)
3rd pl. rkha ley (gram. qhrá ley)
(rkha (gram. qhrá) "daughter")
When speaking respectfully to or of one or more persons of markedly higher social status, the following are used:
1st sg. tlyer ni (gram. tsyée ni) (speaking to sg.) / tlyer long (gram. tsyée long) (speaking to du.) / tlyer lo (gram. tsyée lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. tlyer nita (gram. tsyée nīt) (speaking to sg.) / tlyer long (gram. tsyée long) (speaking to du.) / tlyer lota (gram. tsyée lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. tlyer niy (gram. tsyée niy) (speaking to sg.) / tlyer longya (gram. tsyée lony) (speaking to du.) / tlyer loy (gram. tsyée loy) (speaking to pl.)
(tlyer (gram. tsyée) "servant")
If who one is speaking to is male:
2nd sg. rbyat ma (gram. psyraet ma) (speaking as sg.) / rbyat rung (gram. psyraet rung) (speaking as du.) / rbyat ru (gram. psyraet ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. rbyat mata (gram. psyraet māt) (speaking as sg.) / rbyat rung (gram. psyraet rung) (speaking as du.), / rbyat ruta (gram. psyraet rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. rbyat may (gram. psyraet may) (speaking as sg.) / rbyat rungya (gram. psyraet runy) (speaking as du.) / rbyat ruy (gram. psyraet ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(rbyat (gram. psyraet) "lord")
If who one is speaking to is female:
2nd sg. mthak ma (gram. dhák ma) (speaking as sg.) / mthak rung (gram. dhák rung) (speaking as du.) / mthak ru (gram. dhák ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. mthak mata (gram. dhák māt) (speaking as sg.) / mthak rung (gram. dhák rung) (speaking as du.), / mthak ruta (gram. dhák rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. mthak may (gram. dhák may) (speaking as sg.) / mthak rungya (gram. dhák runy) (speaking as du.) / mthak ruy (gram. dhák ruy) (speaking as pl.)
(mthak (gram. dhák) "lady")
If who one is speaking of is male:
3rd. sg. rbyat le (gram. psyraet le)
3rd. du. rbyat leta (gram. psyraet lēt)
3rd. pl. rbyat ley (gram. psyraet ley)
(rbyat (gram. psyraet) "lord")
If who one is speaking of is female:
3rd sg. mthak le (gram. dhák le)
3rd du. mthak leta (gram. dhák lēt)
3rd pl. mthak ley (gram. dhák ley)
(mthak (gram. dhák) "lady")
When one is lording over people socially beneath them, the following are used:
If one is male:
1st sg. rbyat ni (gram. psyraet ni) (speaking to sg.) / rbyat long (gram. psyraet long) (speaking to du.) / rbyat lo (gram. psyraet lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. rbyat nita (gram. psyraet nīt) (speaking to sg.) / rbyat long (gram. psyraet long) (speaking to du.) / rbyat lota (gram. psyraet lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. rbyat niy (gram. psyraet niy) (speaking to sg.) / rbyat longya (gram. psyraet lony) (speaking to du.) / rbyat loy (gram. psyraet loy) (speaking to pl.)
(rbyat (gram. psyraet) "lord")
If one is female:
1st sg. mthak ni (gram. dhák ni) (speaking to sg.) / mthak long (gram. dhák long) (speaking to du.) / mthak lo (gram. dhák lo) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. du. mthak nita (gram. dhák nīt) (speaking to sg.) / mthak long (gram. dhák long) (speaking to du.) / mthak lota (gram. dhák lōt) (speaking to pl.)
1st excl. pl. mthak niy (gram. dhák niy) (speaking to sg.) / mthak longya (gram. dhák lony) (speaking to du.) / mthak loy (gram. dhák loy) (speaking to pl.)
(mthak (gram. dhák) "lady")
2nd sg. tlyer ma (gram. tsyée ma) (speaking as sg.) / tlyer rung (gram. tsyée rung) (speaking as du.) / tlyer ru (gram. tsyée ru) (speaking as pl.)
2nd du. tlyer mata (gram. tsyée māt) (speaking as sg.) / tlyer rung (gram. tsyée rung) (speaking as du.), / tlyer ruta (gram. tsyée rūt) (speaking as pl.)
2nd pl. tlyer may (gram. tsyée may) (speaking as sg.) / tlyer rungya (gram. tsyée runy) (speaking as du.) / tlyer ruy (gram. tsyée ruy) (speaking as pl.)
3rd sg. tlyer le (gram. tsyée le)
3rd du. tlyer leta (gram. tsyée lēt)
3rd pl. tlyer ley (gram. tsyée ley)
(tlyer (gram. tsyée) "servant")